200+ Editorial Words (English to Bangla Meaning + Examples)
Introduction
Learning English vocabulary from newspaper editorials is one of the most effective methods to develop strong language skills. Editorials are written in a formal tone and often include advanced vocabulary that reflects real-life situations, social issues, and global concerns. For students, job seekers, and competitive exam candidates, editorial vocabulary is extremely valuable.
This article is based on a Daily Star editorial titled “Our Farmers Must Be Protected.” It provides a comprehensive list of important English words along with their Bangla meanings and example sentences. By studying these words, learners can improve their reading, writing, and speaking skills significantly.
Editorial Overview
The editorial focuses on the importance of protecting farmers, especially during times of crisis such as pandemics, economic instability, and climate challenges. Farmers play a crucial role in ensuring food security, yet they often face numerous difficulties including lack of financial support, limited access to resources, and natural disasters.
The article emphasizes the need for government intervention, proper policies, and sustainable agricultural practices. Protecting farmers is not just about helping individuals—it is about securing the future of the entire nation.
📘 Vocabulary with Synonyms & Antonyms (1–25)
1. Bring
Meaning: to carry something to a place
Bangla: আনা
Synonyms: carry, take, deliver, fetch, transport
Antonyms: remove, send away, take away, discard, drop
Example: The government should bring new policies, meaning they should introduce and apply useful rules for people.
2. Social Safety
Meaning: system that protects people
Bangla: সামাজিক সুরক্ষা
Synonyms: welfare, protection, support, safety net, security
Antonyms: insecurity, neglect, risk, danger, vulnerability
Example: Social safety programs help poor people survive during difficult times like unemployment or disaster.
3. Land Rights
Meaning: legal ownership of land
Bangla: ভূমির অধিকার
Synonyms: ownership, property rights, tenure, possession, entitlement
Antonyms: eviction, landlessness, dispossession, loss, denial
Example: Without land rights, farmers cannot safely use or protect their land for farming.
4. Pandemic
Meaning: disease spreading globally
Bangla: মহামারি
Synonyms: epidemic, outbreak, plague, contagion, global disease
Antonyms: recovery, health, containment, control, wellness
Example: During a pandemic, many people lose jobs and farmers face difficulty selling crops.
5. Resilience
Meaning: ability to recover from difficulty
Bangla: সহনশীলতা
Synonyms: strength, endurance, toughness, flexibility, durability
Antonyms: weakness, fragility, vulnerability, instability, sensitivity
Example: Farmers show resilience by continuing their work even after floods or crop loss.
6. Adversity
Meaning: difficult situation
Bangla: প্রতিকূলতা
Synonyms: hardship, difficulty, struggle, trouble, misfortune
Antonyms: comfort, ease, success, prosperity, advantage
Example: Farmers often face adversity such as droughts and financial problems.
7. Ensure
Meaning: to make certain
Bangla: নিশ্চিত করা
Synonyms: guarantee, confirm, secure, assure, verify
Antonyms: ignore, neglect, risk, doubt, overlook
Example: The government must ensure food supply so that no one goes hungry.
8. Livelihood
Meaning: means of earning a living
Bangla: জীবিকা
Synonyms: income, earnings, job, occupation, profession
Antonyms: unemployment, poverty, joblessness, inactivity, loss
Example: Farming is the main livelihood for many rural families.
9. Incentive
Meaning: something that motivates
Bangla: প্রণোদনা
Synonyms: motivation, encouragement, reward, bonus, stimulus
Antonyms: discouragement, penalty, punishment, deterrent, disincentive
Example: Giving incentives to farmers encourages them to produce more crops.
10. Subsidy
Meaning: financial support from government
Bangla: ভর্তুকি
Synonyms: aid, grant, support, allowance, funding
Antonyms: tax, charge, withdrawal, penalty, fee
Example: Subsidies help farmers buy seeds and fertilizers at a lower cost.
11. Sustain
Meaning: to maintain over time
Bangla: টিকিয়ে রাখা
Synonyms: maintain, support, continue, preserve, uphold
Antonyms: destroy, stop, abandon, weaken, end
Example: Farmers need proper support to sustain their production throughout the year.
12. Production
Meaning: process of making goods
Bangla: উৎপাদন
Synonyms: creation, manufacturing, output, generation, development
Antonyms: destruction, decline, reduction, stoppage, loss
Example: Food production increases when farmers use better technology.
13. Supply Chain
Meaning: system of delivering goods
Bangla: সরবরাহ ব্যবস্থা
Synonyms: distribution network, logistics, delivery system, supply network, chain
Antonyms: disruption, breakdown, shortage, blockage, failure
Example: When the supply chain breaks, goods cannot reach markets on time.
14. Vulnerable
Meaning: easily harmed
Bangla: ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ
Synonyms: weak, exposed, fragile, defenseless, at risk
Antonyms: strong, secure, protected, safe, stable
Example: Small farmers are vulnerable because they have limited resources.
15. Crisis
Meaning: serious problem
Bangla: সংকট
Synonyms: emergency, disaster, trouble, danger, difficulty
Antonyms: stability, peace, safety, solution, calm
Example: A food crisis occurs when there is not enough food for people.
16. Stability
Meaning: steady condition
Bangla: স্থিতিশীলতা
Synonyms: balance, steadiness, consistency, security, firmness
Antonyms: instability, chaos, disorder, fluctuation, weakness
Example: Economic stability helps farmers plan their future.
17. Policy
Meaning: rule or plan
Bangla: নীতি
Synonyms: rule, guideline, strategy, regulation, plan
Antonyms: chaos, confusion, disorder, inconsistency, randomness
Example: Good agricultural policy supports farmers and improves production.
18. Assistance
Meaning: help or support
Bangla: সহায়তা
Synonyms: aid, help, support, service, backing
Antonyms: hindrance, obstruction, refusal, neglect, opposition
Example: Financial assistance helps farmers recover from losses.
19. Agricultural
Meaning: related to farming
Bangla: কৃষি সম্পর্কিত
Synonyms: farming, agrarian, rural, cultivation-based, crop-related
Antonyms: industrial, urban, non-agricultural, artificial, commercial
Example: Agricultural development is important for food security.
20. Security
Meaning: safety or protection
Bangla: নিরাপত্তা
Synonyms: safety, protection, defense, assurance, stability
Antonyms: danger, risk, insecurity, threat, fear
Example: Food security ensures that people always have enough to eat.
21. Harvest
Meaning: collecting crops
Bangla: ফসল তোলা
Synonyms: gather, collect, reap, pick, crop
Antonyms: plant, sow, seed, waste, lose
Example: During harvest season, farmers collect crops from the fields.
22. Fertilizer
Meaning: substance to help plants grow
Bangla: সার
Synonyms: manure, compost, plant food, nutrient, additive
Antonyms: toxin, poison, contaminant, pollutant, waste
Example: Using fertilizer improves soil quality and increases crop yield.
23. Irrigation
Meaning: supplying water to crops
Bangla: সেচ
Synonyms: watering, irrigation system, hydration, water supply, flow
Antonyms: drought, dryness, aridity, dehydration, water shortage
Example: Irrigation systems help farmers grow crops even without rainfall.
24. Climate
Meaning: weather condition of a place
Bangla: জলবায়ু
Synonyms: weather, environment, atmosphere, temperature, conditions
Antonyms: stability, uniformity, stillness, balance, calm
Example: Climate change can reduce crop production and affect farmers’ income.
25. Disaster
Meaning: sudden harmful event
Bangla: দুর্যোগ
Synonyms: catastrophe, calamity, tragedy, destruction, crisis
Antonyms: safety, success, blessing, stability, relief
Example: Natural disasters like floods and cyclones can destroy crops and homes.
📘 Vocabulary with Synonyms & Antonyms (26–50)
26. Recovery
Meaning: return to normal condition
Bangla: পুনরুদ্ধার
Synonyms: improvement, healing, restoration, revival, comeback
Antonyms: decline, damage, deterioration, loss, collapse
Example: After the flood, the farmers needed time for recovery, meaning they had to rebuild their farms and grow crops again.
27. Investment
Meaning: putting money to gain profit
Bangla: বিনিয়োগ
Synonyms: funding, financing, capital, deposit, backing
Antonyms: withdrawal, loss, spending, waste, disinvestment
Example: When the government invests in agriculture, farmers can buy better tools and increase production.
28. Economy
Meaning: financial system of a country
Bangla: অর্থনীতি
Synonyms: financial system, market, trade system, commerce, industry
Antonyms: poverty, recession, collapse, instability, crisis
Example: A strong economy means people have jobs and farmers can sell their crops at good prices.
29. Demand
Meaning: need or desire for something
Bangla: চাহিদা
Synonyms: need, desire, requirement, request, want
Antonyms: lack, rejection, disinterest, surplus, oversupply
Example: When the demand for rice increases, farmers try to grow more rice to meet people’s needs.
30. Supply
Meaning: providing goods or services
Bangla: সরবরাহ
Synonyms: provision, distribution, delivery, stock, supply chain
Antonyms: shortage, lack, scarcity, deficit, insufficiency
Example: If the supply of vegetables is low, prices go up in the market.
31. Workforce
Meaning: group of working people
Bangla: শ্রমশক্তি
Synonyms: labor force, employees, workers, manpower, staff
Antonyms: unemployment, inactivity, joblessness, idleness, nonworkers
Example: A strong workforce in rural areas helps increase agricultural production.
32. Rural
Meaning: related to village
Bangla: গ্রামীণ
Synonyms: countryside, village, agricultural, pastoral, non-urban
Antonyms: urban, city, metropolitan, industrial, developed
Example: Rural people mostly depend on farming for their livelihood.
33. Urban
Meaning: related to city
Bangla: শহুরে
Synonyms: city, metropolitan, municipal, developed, industrial
Antonyms: rural, village, countryside, undeveloped, agricultural
Example: Urban areas have more job opportunities but less farming land.
34. Infrastructure
Meaning: basic physical systems
Bangla: অবকাঠামো
Synonyms: structure, framework, facilities, foundation, system
Antonyms: destruction, breakdown, ruin, damage, weakness
Example: Good roads and bridges (infrastructure) help farmers transport crops easily to markets.
35. Development
Meaning: improvement or growth
Bangla: উন্নয়ন
Synonyms: progress, growth, advancement, improvement, expansion
Antonyms: decline, backwardness, deterioration, stagnation, failure
Example: Agricultural development improves farmers’ income and living standards.
36. Growth
Meaning: increase
Bangla: বৃদ্ধি
Synonyms: increase, rise, expansion, boost, progress
Antonyms: decrease, decline, reduction, fall, shrinkage
Example: Economic growth means more jobs and better income for people.
37. Poverty
Meaning: lack of money
Bangla: দারিদ্র্য
Synonyms: deprivation, hardship, need, destitution, misery
Antonyms: wealth, prosperity, richness, affluence, comfort
Example: Many farmers live in poverty because they do not earn enough money from their crops.
38. Employment
Meaning: having a job
Bangla: কর্মসংস্থান
Synonyms: job, work, occupation, service, profession
Antonyms: unemployment, joblessness, idleness, inactivity, dismissal
Example: Creating employment in rural areas can reduce poverty.
39. Income
Meaning: money earned
Bangla: আয়
Synonyms: earnings, salary, revenue, wages, profit
Antonyms: loss, debt, expense, poverty, deficit
Example: Farmers’ income increases when they sell crops at good prices.
40. Resource
Meaning: useful material
Bangla: সম্পদ
Synonyms: asset, material, supply, capital, reserve
Antonyms: shortage, lack, deficiency, scarcity, depletion
Example: Natural resources like water and soil are essential for farming.
41. Distribution
Meaning: sharing goods
Bangla: বণ্টন
Synonyms: allocation, delivery, supply, circulation, spreading
Antonyms: hoarding, blockage, accumulation, withholding, imbalance
Example: Proper distribution of food ensures that everyone gets enough to eat.
42. Transportation
Meaning: moving goods
Bangla: পরিবহন
Synonyms: transport, transit, delivery, shipment, carriage
Antonyms: stoppage, delay, blockage, immobility, standstill
Example: Poor transportation systems make it difficult for farmers to send products to markets.
43. Market
Meaning: place of buying and selling
Bangla: বাজার
Synonyms: bazaar, trade center, marketplace, exchange, shop
Antonyms: closure, isolation, non-trade, inactivity, shutdown
Example: Farmers take their crops to the market to sell and earn money.
44. Price
Meaning: cost of something
Bangla: মূল্য
Synonyms: cost, value, rate, charge, fee
Antonyms: discount, reduction, free, cheapness, loss
Example: When the price of rice increases, people find it difficult to afford it.
45. Cost
Meaning: expense
Bangla: খরচ
Synonyms: expense, expenditure, charge, price, outlay
Antonyms: saving, profit, gain, income, benefit
Example: The cost of fertilizers has increased, making farming more expensive.
46. Profit
Meaning: financial gain
Bangla: লাভ
Synonyms: gain, benefit, earnings, return, revenue
Antonyms: loss, deficit, damage, expense, debt
Example: Farmers earn profit when they sell crops at higher prices than their costs.
47. Loss
Meaning: financial damage
Bangla: ক্ষতি
Synonyms: damage, deficit, failure, reduction, harm
Antonyms: profit, gain, benefit, success, advantage
Example: Heavy rain caused crop loss, so farmers lost money.
48. Trade
Meaning: buying and selling
Bangla: বাণিজ্য
Synonyms: commerce, business, exchange, dealing, transaction
Antonyms: inactivity, isolation, non-trade, stagnation, closure
Example: International trade helps countries sell agricultural products abroad.
49. Export
Meaning: selling goods to other countries
Bangla: রপ্তানি
Synonyms: shipment abroad, sell overseas, trade out, send out, dispatch
Antonyms: import, receive, bring in, purchase, intake
Example: Bangladesh exports rice and vegetables to other countries to earn foreign currency.
50. Import
Meaning: buying goods from other countries
Bangla: আমদানি
Synonyms: bring in, purchase abroad, receive goods, intake, inbound trade
Antonyms: export, send out, ship out, sell abroad, dispatch
Example: When local production is low, countries import food from abroad to meet demand.
📘 Vocabulary with Synonyms & Antonyms (51–75)
51. Policy Maker
Meaning: person who creates rules
Bangla: নীতিনির্ধারক
Synonyms: decision-maker, authority, planner, regulator, official
Antonyms: follower, subordinate, worker, citizen, public
Example: Policy makers decide laws, so if they support farmers, better policies can improve agriculture.
52. Implementation
Meaning: putting a plan into action
Bangla: বাস্তবায়ন
Synonyms: execution, application, enforcement, operation, realization
Antonyms: delay, neglect, avoidance, inaction, postponement
Example: A good plan is useless without proper implementation, meaning it must be applied in real life.
53. Sustainable
Meaning: able to continue long-term
Bangla: টেকসই
Synonyms: durable, maintainable, stable, long-lasting, viable
Antonyms: temporary, unstable, short-term, unsustainable, weak
Example: Sustainable farming means producing crops without harming the environment.
54. Initiative
Meaning: first step or new action
Bangla: উদ্যোগ
Synonyms: step, effort, plan, move, proposal
Antonyms: inactivity, delay, hesitation, passivity, neglect
Example: Taking initiative means starting something new, like a farmer using modern techniques.
55. Sector
Meaning: part of an economy
Bangla: খাত
Synonyms: field, division, branch, area, segment
Antonyms: whole, entirety, total, entirety, unity
Example: The agricultural sector plays a big role in the country’s economy.
56. Productivity
Meaning: amount of output
Bangla: উৎপাদনশীলতা
Synonyms: efficiency, output, performance, yield, production
Antonyms: inefficiency, low output, decline, waste, loss
Example: Higher productivity means farmers can produce more crops using the same land.
57. Efficiency
Meaning: doing work well with less waste
Bangla: দক্ষতা
Synonyms: effectiveness, performance, productivity, skill, competence
Antonyms: inefficiency, waste, incompetence, weakness, failure
Example: Using machines increases efficiency because work is done faster and better.
58. Innovation
Meaning: new idea or method
Bangla: উদ্ভাবন
Synonyms: invention, creativity, improvement, advancement, modernization
Antonyms: tradition, stagnation, repetition, old method, backwardness
Example: Innovation in farming, like using smart technology, helps farmers grow more crops.
59. Technology
Meaning: modern tools and methods
Bangla: প্রযুক্তি
Synonyms: machinery, equipment, tools, innovation, systems
Antonyms: manual work, old methods, tradition, primitiveness, simplicity
Example: Technology like tractors and irrigation systems makes farming easier and faster.
60. Mechanization
Meaning: using machines instead of manual labor
Bangla: যান্ত্রিকীকরণ
Synonyms: automation, modernization, machine-use, industrialization, systemization
Antonyms: manual labor, handwork, traditional methods, primitiveness, labor-intensive
Example: Mechanization reduces hard labor and allows farmers to cultivate large areas quickly.
61. Labor
Meaning: workers or physical work
Bangla: শ্রম
Synonyms: workforce, manpower, effort, toil, work
Antonyms: rest, inactivity, idleness, leisure, relaxation
Example: Farming requires a lot of labor, especially during planting and harvesting seasons.
62. Wage
Meaning: payment for work
Bangla: মজুরি
Synonyms: salary, pay, income, earnings, compensation
Antonyms: unpaid, loss, deduction, debt, penalty
Example: Laborers earn wages by working in the fields every day.
63. Migration
Meaning: moving from one place to another
Bangla: অভিবাসন
Synonyms: movement, relocation, transfer, shift, travel
Antonyms: settlement, staying, stability, permanence, residence
Example: Many workers migrate to cities in search of better jobs.
64. Population
Meaning: number of people
Bangla: জনসংখ্যা
Synonyms: inhabitants, people, citizens, residents, community
Antonyms: depopulation, emptiness, decline, reduction, absence
Example: A growing population increases the demand for food and resources.
65. Consumption
Meaning: using goods or services
Bangla: ভোগ
Synonyms: usage, intake, utilization, spending, demand
Antonyms: saving, conservation, reduction, storage, preservation
Example: Higher food consumption means more production is needed.
66. Shortage
Meaning: lack of something
Bangla: সংকট
Synonyms: scarcity, deficit, lack, insufficiency, dearth
Antonyms: surplus, abundance, excess, plenty, overflow
Example: Water shortage can damage crops and reduce production.
67. Surplus
Meaning: extra amount
Bangla: উদ্বৃত্ত
Synonyms: excess, extra, abundance, overflow, remainder
Antonyms: shortage, deficit, lack, scarcity, insufficiency
Example: When farmers produce more crops than needed, it creates a surplus.
68. Storage
Meaning: keeping goods safely
Bangla: সংরক্ষণ
Synonyms: keeping, preservation, warehousing, holding, saving
Antonyms: loss, waste, exposure, damage, misuse
Example: Proper storage helps keep crops fresh for a longer time.
69. Preservation
Meaning: protecting something
Bangla: সংরক্ষণ
Synonyms: conservation, protection, maintenance, safeguarding, keeping
Antonyms: destruction, damage, neglect, loss, decay
Example: Food preservation prevents waste and ensures availability.
70. Processing
Meaning: preparing raw materials
Bangla: প্রক্রিয়াজাতকরণ
Synonyms: treatment, preparation, handling, manufacturing, conversion
Antonyms: neglect, raw state, unprocessed, ignorance, waste
Example: Food processing adds value and makes products ready for the market.
71. Distribution Channel
Meaning: system of delivering goods
Bangla: বিতরণ ব্যবস্থা
Synonyms: supply chain, delivery system, logistics, network, channel
Antonyms: blockage, disruption, breakdown, shortage, failure
Example: A strong distribution channel ensures that goods reach consumers on time.
72. Retail
Meaning: selling in small quantities
Bangla: খুচরা বিক্রি
Synonyms: small-scale selling, direct sale, shop selling, consumer sale, outlet trade
Antonyms: wholesale, bulk selling, mass trade, distribution, large-scale sale
Example: Retail shops sell products directly to customers in small amounts.
73. Wholesale
Meaning: selling in large quantities
Bangla: পাইকারি বিক্রি
Synonyms: bulk selling, large-scale trade, distribution, mass sale, supply
Antonyms: retail, small sale, individual sale, direct selling, limited trade
Example: Wholesale markets sell goods in bulk to retailers.
74. Consumer
Meaning: person who buys goods
Bangla: ভোক্তা
Synonyms: buyer, customer, user, purchaser, client
Antonyms: producer, seller, supplier, manufacturer, vendor
Example: Consumers buy food products from the market for daily use.
75. Producer
Meaning: person who makes goods
Bangla: উৎপাদক
Synonyms: manufacturer, maker, supplier, grower, creator
Antonyms: consumer, buyer, user, purchaser, customer
Example: Farmers are producers because they grow crops that people consume.
📘 Vocabulary with Synonyms & Antonyms (76–100)
76. Credit
Meaning: borrowed money or financial trust
Bangla: ঋণ / ধার
Synonyms: loan, finance, advance, funding, capital
Antonyms: cash, payment, savings, deposit, ownership
Example: Farmers often take credit from banks so they can buy seeds and fertilizers before the harvest season.
77. Loan
Meaning: money borrowed that must be repaid
Bangla: ঋণ
Synonyms: credit, advance, debt, borrowing, finance
Antonyms: grant, donation, gift, aid, payment
Example: A farmer takes a loan from a bank and later repays it after selling crops.
78. Interest
Meaning: extra money paid for borrowing
Bangla: সুদ
Synonyms: charge, rate, fee, return, premium
Antonyms: waiver, discount, exemption, relief, reduction
Example: High interest rates make it difficult for farmers to repay their loans.
79. Debt
Meaning: money owed
Bangla: ঋণগ্রস্ততা
Synonyms: liability, loan, dues, obligation, arrears
Antonyms: asset, savings, wealth, credit balance, surplus
Example: Farmers fall into debt when they cannot repay loans due to crop failure.
80. Finance
Meaning: management of money
Bangla: অর্থায়ন
Synonyms: funding, capital, money, investment, banking
Antonyms: poverty, shortage, lack, deficit, insufficiency
Example: Proper finance helps farmers invest in better farming equipment.
81. Budget
Meaning: financial plan
Bangla: বাজেট
Synonyms: plan, estimate, allocation, forecast, calculation
Antonyms: overspending, imbalance, deficit, waste, mismanagement
Example: The government sets a budget to support agricultural development.
82. Allocation
Meaning: distribution of resources
Bangla: বরাদ্দ
Synonyms: distribution, assignment, division, allotment, sharing
Antonyms: withholding, hoarding, denial, restriction, imbalance
Example: Proper allocation of funds ensures farmers get necessary support.
83. Revenue
Meaning: income generated
Bangla: রাজস্ব
Synonyms: income, earnings, profit, proceeds, return
Antonyms: loss, deficit, expense, debt, reduction
Example: Government revenue increases when agricultural production grows.
84. Tax
Meaning: money paid to government
Bangla: কর
Synonyms: duty, levy, charge, tariff, fee
Antonyms: subsidy, exemption, relief, benefit, deduction
Example: Farmers sometimes receive tax relief to reduce their financial burden.
85. Expenditure
Meaning: spending money
Bangla: ব্যয়
Synonyms: spending, cost, expense, outlay, payment
Antonyms: saving, income, profit, gain, revenue
Example: High expenditure on fertilizers increases farming costs.
86. Development Project
Meaning: plan for improvement
Bangla: উন্নয়ন প্রকল্প
Synonyms: program, initiative, scheme, plan, project
Antonyms: neglect, abandonment, stagnation, failure, inactivity
Example: Development projects help improve irrigation and farming systems.
87. Infrastructure Development
Meaning: building facilities like roads
Bangla: অবকাঠামো উন্নয়ন
Synonyms: construction, improvement, expansion, modernization, growth
Antonyms: destruction, decay, neglect, collapse, damage
Example: Infrastructure development like roads helps farmers transport crops easily.
88. Rural Development
Meaning: improvement of village areas
Bangla: গ্রামীণ উন্নয়ন
Synonyms: countryside growth, village progress, rural advancement, community development, agrarian improvement
Antonyms: urban neglect, backwardness, decline, underdevelopment, stagnation
Example: Rural development improves education, farming, and living conditions in villages.
89. Urbanization
Meaning: growth of cities
Bangla: নগরায়ণ
Synonyms: city expansion, metropolitan growth, development, industrial growth, modernization
Antonyms: ruralization, depopulation, decline, shrinkage, decentralization
Example: Urbanization attracts people to cities, reducing the rural workforce.
90. Industrialization
Meaning: growth of industries
Bangla: শিল্পায়ন
Synonyms: manufacturing growth, modernization, mechanization, production growth, development
Antonyms: deindustrialization, decline, backwardness, stagnation, reduction
Example: Industrialization can create jobs but may reduce agricultural land.
91. Environmental
Meaning: related to nature
Bangla: পরিবেশগত
Synonyms: ecological, natural, green, biological, surrounding
Antonyms: artificial, industrial, synthetic, man-made, urban
Example: Environmental issues like pollution affect farming negatively.
92. Pollution
Meaning: contamination of environment
Bangla: দূষণ
Synonyms: contamination, impurity, toxin, waste, harmful substance
Antonyms: cleanliness, purity, freshness, hygiene, sanitation
Example: Pollution damages soil and water, reducing crop production.
93. Conservation
Meaning: protection of resources
Bangla: সংরক্ষণ
Synonyms: preservation, protection, safeguarding, maintenance, saving
Antonyms: destruction, waste, damage, neglect, depletion
Example: Conservation of water helps farmers during dry seasons.
94. Biodiversity
Meaning: variety of living organisms
Bangla: জীববৈচিত্র্য
Synonyms: ecosystem diversity, variety, natural diversity, species richness, ecological variety
Antonyms: uniformity, loss, extinction, reduction, depletion
Example: Biodiversity ensures a balanced ecosystem for agriculture.
95. Ecosystem
Meaning: system of living organisms
Bangla: প্রতিবেশ ব্যবস্থা
Synonyms: environment, habitat, natural system, ecology, biosystem
Antonyms: destruction, imbalance, pollution, damage, disruption
Example: A healthy ecosystem supports crop growth and animal life.
96. Climate Change
Meaning: long-term change in weather
Bangla: জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন
Synonyms: global warming, weather change, environmental shift, temperature rise, climate variation
Antonyms: stability, balance, consistency, normal climate, equilibrium
Example: Climate change causes irregular rainfall, which harms farming.
97. Adaptation
Meaning: adjustment to new conditions
Bangla: অভিযোজন
Synonyms: adjustment, modification, change, flexibility, accommodation
Antonyms: resistance, rigidity, refusal, inflexibility, opposition
Example: Farmers adapt by using new methods to cope with climate change.
98. Mitigation
Meaning: reducing severity
Bangla: প্রশমন
Synonyms: reduction, relief, control, easing, minimization
Antonyms: increase, intensification, worsening, aggravation, escalation
Example: Mitigation strategies help reduce damage from natural disasters.
99. Awareness
Meaning: knowledge or understanding
Bangla: সচেতনতা
Synonyms: knowledge, understanding, consciousness, realization, insight
Antonyms: ignorance, unawareness, confusion, neglect, blindness
Example: Awareness programs teach farmers about modern techniques.
100. Responsibility
Meaning: duty or obligation
Bangla: দায়িত্ব
Synonyms: duty, obligation, accountability, role, charge
Antonyms: irresponsibility, neglect, carelessness, avoidance, freedom
Example: It is the government’s responsibility to support farmers and ensure food security.
📘 Vocabulary with Synonyms & Antonyms (101–125)
101. Agriculture
Meaning: farming and cultivation of land
Bangla: কৃষিকাজ
Synonyms: farming, cultivation, agronomy, horticulture, agriculture sector
Antonyms: industry, manufacturing, urban work, non-farming, commerce
Example: Agriculture provides food for people, meaning without farming, we cannot survive.
102. Cultivation
Meaning: preparing land for crops
Bangla: চাষাবাদ
Synonyms: farming, planting, growing, tilling, sowing
Antonyms: neglect, abandonment, barrenness, non-use, desertion
Example: Cultivation requires proper soil preparation and water supply.
103. Farmer
Meaning: person who grows crops
Bangla: কৃষক
Synonyms: cultivator, grower, agriculturist, producer, planter
Antonyms: consumer, buyer, trader, seller, non-farmer
Example: A farmer works hard daily to produce food for the nation.
104. Crop
Meaning: plants grown for food
Bangla: ফসল
Synonyms: produce, harvest, yield, grain, vegetation
Antonyms: barren land, waste, loss, failure, damage
Example: A good crop means farmers earn more money.
105. Yield
Meaning: amount produced
Bangla: ফলন
Synonyms: output, production, return, harvest, result
Antonyms: loss, failure, decline, reduction, shortage
Example: Higher yield means more crops are produced from the same land.
106. Drought
Meaning: long period without rain
Bangla: খরা
Synonyms: dryness, aridity, water shortage, heatwave, desert condition
Antonyms: flood, rainfall, moisture, wetness, water abundance
Example: Drought damages crops because plants do not get enough water.
107. Flood
Meaning: overflow of water
Bangla: বন্যা
Synonyms: overflow, deluge, inundation, surge, water rise
Antonyms: drought, dryness, scarcity, aridity, shortage
Example: Flood can destroy crops and houses in rural areas.
108. Natural Disaster
Meaning: harmful natural event
Bangla: প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ
Synonyms: catastrophe, calamity, hazard, emergency, disaster
Antonyms: safety, normal condition, stability, calm, protection
Example: Natural disasters like cyclones and floods affect farmers badly.
109. Irrigation System
Meaning: system for supplying water
Bangla: সেচ ব্যবস্থা
Synonyms: watering system, irrigation network, water supply, channel, flow system
Antonyms: drought, dryness, lack of water, aridity, shortage
Example: An irrigation system helps farmers grow crops even in dry seasons.
110. Fertility
Meaning: ability of soil to produce crops
Bangla: উর্বরতা
Synonyms: productivity, richness, quality, strength, capability
Antonyms: infertility, barrenness, weakness, dryness, sterility
Example: Fertile soil produces more crops and ensures better farming results.
111. Harvesting
Meaning: collecting crops
Bangla: ফসল সংগ্রহ
Synonyms: gathering, reaping, collecting, picking, cropping
Antonyms: planting, sowing, waste, loss, neglect
Example: Harvesting is the final stage when farmers collect crops from fields.
112. Plantation
Meaning: large area for crops
Bangla: বাগান / চাষক্ষেত্র
Synonyms: farm, estate, garden, field, cultivation area
Antonyms: barren land, desert, wasteland, empty field, unused land
Example: Tea plantations are common in hilly areas.
113. Livestock
Meaning: farm animals
Bangla: গবাদি পশু
Synonyms: animals, cattle, farm animals, herds, domestic animals
Antonyms: wild animals, non-livestock, wildlife, predators, untamed animals
Example: Livestock like cows and goats help farmers earn additional income.
114. Poultry
Meaning: farm birds
Bangla: হাঁস-মুরগি
Synonyms: fowl, chickens, ducks, birds, domestic birds
Antonyms: wild birds, predators, non-domestic animals, wildlife, game birds
Example: Poultry farming is a quick way to earn money.
115. Dairy
Meaning: milk production business
Bangla: দুগ্ধ খামার
Synonyms: milk industry, dairy farming, milk production, livestock farming, dairy sector
Antonyms: non-dairy, crop farming only, plant-based, dry farming, non-animal farming
Example: Dairy farming provides milk and income for farmers.
116. Food Security
Meaning: access to enough food
Bangla: খাদ্য নিরাপত্তা
Synonyms: food availability, nutrition safety, food supply, security, stability
Antonyms: hunger, famine, shortage, food crisis, starvation
Example: Food security ensures that all people have enough food every day.
117. Malnutrition
Meaning: lack of proper nutrition
Bangla: অপুষ্টি
Synonyms: undernutrition, deficiency, weakness, poor health, starvation
Antonyms: nutrition, health, strength, wellness, balance
Example: Malnutrition affects children when they do not get enough healthy food.
118. Nutrition
Meaning: nutrients in food
Bangla: পুষ্টি
Synonyms: nourishment, diet, food value, health, nutrients
Antonyms: malnutrition, deficiency, weakness, poor diet, imbalance
Example: Good nutrition keeps the body healthy and strong.
119. Supply Shortage
Meaning: lack of supply
Bangla: সরবরাহ সংকট
Synonyms: scarcity, deficit, lack, insufficiency, dearth
Antonyms: surplus, abundance, excess, plenty, availability
Example: Supply shortage increases prices in the market.
120. Food Crisis
Meaning: serious shortage of food
Bangla: খাদ্য সংকট
Synonyms: famine, hunger, scarcity, shortage, emergency
Antonyms: food security, abundance, surplus, availability, sufficiency
Example: A food crisis occurs when there is not enough food for the population.
121. Government Support
Meaning: help from government
Bangla: সরকারি সহায়তা
Synonyms: aid, assistance, backing, subsidy, support
Antonyms: neglect, withdrawal, refusal, opposition, denial
Example: Government support helps farmers survive during difficult times.
122. Financial Aid
Meaning: monetary help
Bangla: আর্থিক সহায়তা
Synonyms: funding, assistance, grant, subsidy, support
Antonyms: debt, burden, loss, expense, liability
Example: Financial aid allows farmers to continue farming even after losses.
123. Grant
Meaning: free financial help
Bangla: অনুদান
Synonyms: donation, aid, subsidy, allowance, support
Antonyms: loan, debt, repayment, charge, fee
Example: Grants are helpful because farmers do not need to repay them.
124. Relief
Meaning: help during crisis
Bangla: ত্রাণ
Synonyms: aid, support, assistance, help, comfort
Antonyms: suffering, hardship, distress, difficulty, pain
Example: Relief materials are provided to people after disasters.
125. Compensation
Meaning: payment for loss
Bangla: ক্ষতিপূরণ
Synonyms: reimbursement, payment, damages, reward, settlement
Antonyms: loss, penalty, damage, debt, deduction
Example: Farmers receive compensation when crops are destroyed by floods.
📘 Vocabulary with Synonyms & Antonyms (126–150)
126. Policy Reform
Meaning: change in existing rules
Bangla: নীতিগত সংস্কার
Synonyms: revision, amendment, improvement, restructuring, change
Antonyms: stagnation, rigidity, resistance, preservation, inaction
Example: Policy reform is needed to improve the agricultural system and support farmers better.
127. Regulation
Meaning: official rule or law
Bangla: বিধি / নিয়ম
Synonyms: rule, law, guideline, control, directive
Antonyms: freedom, disorder, chaos, lawlessness, flexibility
Example: Government regulations help control market prices and protect farmers.
128. Authority
Meaning: power to make decisions
Bangla: কর্তৃপক্ষ
Synonyms: control, power, command, leadership, administration
Antonyms: weakness, lack of power, subordination, helplessness, inferiority
Example: The authority must take action to solve farmers’ problems.
129. Institution
Meaning: organized system or organization
Bangla: প্রতিষ্ঠান
Synonyms: organization, establishment, body, agency, system
Antonyms: disorder, disorganization, chaos, breakdown, collapse
Example: Financial institutions provide loans to farmers.
130. Organization
Meaning: group working together
Bangla: সংগঠন
Synonyms: group, association, institution, body, union
Antonyms: disorganization, chaos, confusion, disorder, breakdown
Example: Many organizations work to improve rural development.
131. Cooperation
Meaning: working together
Bangla: সহযোগিতা
Synonyms: collaboration, teamwork, partnership, support, coordination
Antonyms: conflict, opposition, disagreement, competition, resistance
Example: Cooperation between farmers and the government leads to better production.
132. Partnership
Meaning: joint work between people or groups
Bangla: অংশীদারিত্ব
Synonyms: collaboration, alliance, association, joint venture, cooperation
Antonyms: separation, independence, division, isolation, conflict
Example: Public-private partnerships help improve agricultural technology.
133. Community
Meaning: group of people living together
Bangla: সমাজ / সম্প্রদায়
Synonyms: society, group, population, neighborhood, public
Antonyms: isolation, individuality, separation, loneliness, detachment
Example: A strong community supports farmers during difficult times.
134. Awareness Campaign
Meaning: program to inform people
Bangla: সচেতনতা কার্যক্রম
Synonyms: program, drive, promotion, education effort, campaign
Antonyms: ignorance, neglect, silence, unawareness, inaction
Example: Awareness campaigns teach farmers about modern farming techniques.
135. Education
Meaning: process of learning
Bangla: শিক্ষা
Synonyms: learning, knowledge, instruction, schooling, training
Antonyms: ignorance, illiteracy, lack of knowledge, unawareness, stupidity
Example: Education helps farmers understand better farming methods.
136. Training
Meaning: learning skills
Bangla: প্রশিক্ষণ
Synonyms: coaching, instruction, practice, preparation, teaching
Antonyms: neglect, ignorance, unpreparedness, inexperience, lack of skill
Example: Training programs improve farmers’ efficiency and productivity.
137. Skill
Meaning: ability to do something well
Bangla: দক্ষতা
Synonyms: ability, talent, expertise, competence, proficiency
Antonyms: inability, incompetence, weakness, ignorance, lack of skill
Example: Skilled farmers can produce better crops using fewer resources.
138. Knowledge
Meaning: information and understanding
Bangla: জ্ঞান
Synonyms: awareness, education, understanding, wisdom, learning
Antonyms: ignorance, misunderstanding, confusion, lack of knowledge, blindness
Example: Knowledge helps farmers make better decisions about crops.
139. Experience
Meaning: practical knowledge gained over time
Bangla: অভিজ্ঞতা
Synonyms: practice, exposure, expertise, skill, familiarity
Antonyms: inexperience, ignorance, unfamiliarity, lack of practice, newness
Example: Experienced farmers can handle difficult situations better.
140. Research
Meaning: study to discover new information
Bangla: গবেষণা
Synonyms: study, investigation, analysis, inquiry, examination
Antonyms: ignorance, neglect, guesswork, assumption, lack of study
Example: Research helps develop better seeds and farming techniques.
141. Development Program
Meaning: plan for improvement
Bangla: উন্নয়ন কর্মসূচি
Synonyms: initiative, scheme, project, plan, program
Antonyms: neglect, stagnation, failure, inactivity, decline
Example: Development programs help improve farmers’ living conditions.
142. Innovation Strategy
Meaning: plan for new ideas
Bangla: উদ্ভাবনী কৌশল
Synonyms: creative plan, strategy, approach, method, innovation plan
Antonyms: traditional method, stagnation, outdated plan, repetition, rigidity
Example: Innovation strategies help introduce modern farming technologies.
143. Digital Technology
Meaning: modern digital tools
Bangla: ডিজিটাল প্রযুক্তি
Synonyms: modern technology, IT, digital tools, smart systems, electronics
Antonyms: manual methods, traditional tools, old systems, analog methods, primitiveness
Example: Digital technology helps farmers monitor crops using mobile apps.
144. Modernization
Meaning: making something modern
Bangla: আধুনিকীকরণ
Synonyms: advancement, improvement, upgrading, development, innovation
Antonyms: backwardness, stagnation, tradition, decline, primitiveness
Example: Modernization of agriculture increases efficiency and productivity.
145. Productivity Growth
Meaning: increase in output
Bangla: উৎপাদন বৃদ্ধি
Synonyms: expansion, improvement, increase, development, growth
Antonyms: decline, reduction, decrease, loss, stagnation
Example: Productivity growth means farmers produce more crops than before.
146. Economic Development
Meaning: growth of economy
Bangla: অর্থনৈতিক উন্নয়ন
Synonyms: progress, growth, advancement, improvement, expansion
Antonyms: decline, recession, stagnation, poverty, backwardness
Example: Economic development improves people’s standard of living.
147. National Economy
Meaning: economy of a country
Bangla: জাতীয় অর্থনীতি
Synonyms: economic system, national finance, economy, market, commerce
Antonyms: economic collapse, recession, instability, crisis, decline
Example: Agriculture plays a vital role in the national economy.
148. Global Market
Meaning: worldwide trade system
Bangla: বিশ্ববাজার
Synonyms: international market, global trade, world economy, export market, international trade
Antonyms: local market, isolation, domestic trade only, restriction, limitation
Example: Farmers can earn more by selling products in the global market.
149. Trade Policy
Meaning: rules for trade
Bangla: বাণিজ্য নীতি
Synonyms: trade rules, economic policy, regulation, commerce law, strategy
Antonyms: disorder, chaos, lack of policy, confusion, instability
Example: Trade policy affects how goods are imported and exported.
150. Economic Stability
Meaning: stable economic condition
Bangla: অর্থনৈতিক স্থিতিশীলতা
Synonyms: balance, security, consistency, steadiness, strength
Antonyms: instability, crisis, fluctuation, recession, collapse
Example: Economic stability helps farmers plan their future without uncertainty.
📘 Vocabulary with Synonyms & Antonyms (151–175)
151. Economic Growth
Meaning: increase in a country’s economy
Bangla: অর্থনৈতিক বৃদ্ধি
Synonyms: expansion, development, progress, rise, improvement
Antonyms: decline, recession, stagnation, reduction, collapse
Example: Economic growth means people earn more money and the country becomes financially stronger.
152. Inflation
Meaning: rise in prices
Bangla: মুদ্রাস্ফীতি
Synonyms: price rise, cost increase, economic pressure, devaluation, escalation
Antonyms: deflation, price fall, stability, reduction, decrease
Example: Inflation makes food more expensive, so people struggle to afford daily necessities.
153. Deflation
Meaning: decrease in prices
Bangla: মুদ্রাস্ফীতি হ্রাস
Synonyms: price drop, reduction, decrease, fall, contraction
Antonyms: inflation, increase, rise, expansion, growth
Example: Deflation may seem good, but it can reduce farmers’ income because crop prices fall.
154. Recession
Meaning: economic slowdown
Bangla: অর্থনৈতিক মন্দা
Synonyms: downturn, slump, decline, contraction, crisis
Antonyms: growth, boom, expansion, recovery, prosperity
Example: During a recession, people buy less, so farmers earn less money.
155. Prosperity
Meaning: state of wealth and success
Bangla: সমৃদ্ধি
Synonyms: wealth, success, affluence, growth, richness
Antonyms: poverty, hardship, decline, struggle, misery
Example: Agricultural prosperity improves the lives of rural people.
156. Income Inequality
Meaning: unequal distribution of income
Bangla: আয়ের বৈষম্য
Synonyms: disparity, imbalance, inequality, gap, unfair distribution
Antonyms: equality, fairness, balance, uniformity, justice
Example: Income inequality means some people are very rich while others remain poor.
157. Poverty Alleviation
Meaning: reducing poverty
Bangla: দারিদ্র্য বিমোচন
Synonyms: poverty reduction, relief, improvement, support, upliftment
Antonyms: poverty increase, neglect, worsening, decline, hardship
Example: Government programs aim at poverty alleviation by helping poor farmers.
158. Employment Opportunity
Meaning: chance to get a job
Bangla: কর্মসংস্থানের সুযোগ
Synonyms: job opportunity, work chance, career option, vacancy, employment
Antonyms: unemployment, joblessness, lack of opportunity, inactivity, rejection
Example: More employment opportunities reduce poverty in rural areas.
159. Labor Market
Meaning: system of jobs and workers
Bangla: শ্রমবাজার
Synonyms: job market, workforce system, employment sector, hiring market, labor system
Antonyms: unemployment crisis, inactivity, job shortage, stagnation, decline
Example: A strong labor market provides jobs for people.
160. Workforce Participation
Meaning: involvement in work
Bangla: শ্রমে অংশগ্রহণ
Synonyms: employment rate, work involvement, participation, engagement, contribution
Antonyms: inactivity, unemployment, withdrawal, idleness, non-participation
Example: Higher workforce participation means more people are working.
161. Capital
Meaning: money or resources for investment
Bangla: পুঁজি
Synonyms: funds, finance, assets, wealth, investment
Antonyms: debt, poverty, shortage, lack, deficit
Example: Farmers need capital to buy seeds and equipment.
162. Asset
Meaning: valuable resource
Bangla: সম্পদ
Synonyms: property, resource, wealth, possession, capital
Antonyms: liability, debt, loss, burden, deficiency
Example: Land is an important asset for farmers.
163. Liability
Meaning: financial obligation
Bangla: দায় / ঋণ
Synonyms: debt, obligation, burden, responsibility, dues
Antonyms: asset, advantage, benefit, profit, gain
Example: Loans become liabilities if farmers cannot repay them.
164. Entrepreneurship
Meaning: starting and running business
Bangla: উদ্যোক্তা হওয়া
Synonyms: business, innovation, enterprise, initiative, self-employment
Antonyms: unemployment, dependency, inactivity, passivity, joblessness
Example: Rural entrepreneurship helps create jobs and improve income.
165. Small Enterprise
Meaning: small business
Bangla: ক্ষুদ্র উদ্যোগ
Synonyms: small business, startup, venture, firm, enterprise
Antonyms: large corporation, big business, industry, monopoly, multinational
Example: Small enterprises provide income for rural families.
166. Market Demand
Meaning: need for products
Bangla: বাজারের চাহিদা
Synonyms: demand, requirement, need, desire, consumption
Antonyms: lack, disinterest, rejection, oversupply, surplus
Example: Farmers grow crops based on market demand to earn profit.
167. Price Fluctuation
Meaning: change in prices
Bangla: দামের ওঠানামা
Synonyms: variation, instability, change, shift, volatility
Antonyms: stability, consistency, fixed price, balance, steadiness
Example: Price fluctuation makes it difficult for farmers to predict income.
168. Supply Management
Meaning: controlling supply
Bangla: সরবরাহ ব্যবস্থাপনা
Synonyms: control, regulation, distribution, management, planning
Antonyms: disorder, mismanagement, chaos, imbalance, shortage
Example: Good supply management ensures goods reach markets efficiently.
169. Resource Allocation
Meaning: distribution of resources
Bangla: সম্পদ বণ্টন
Synonyms: distribution, assignment, division, allotment, planning
Antonyms: misallocation, imbalance, waste, hoarding, inequality
Example: Proper resource allocation improves agricultural productivity.
170. Infrastructure Investment
Meaning: spending on development
Bangla: অবকাঠামোতে বিনিয়োগ
Synonyms: funding, development, expansion, improvement, construction
Antonyms: neglect, underinvestment, decline, damage, destruction
Example: Infrastructure investment helps improve roads and irrigation systems.
171. Public Sector
Meaning: government sector
Bangla: সরকারি খাত
Synonyms: government, state sector, administration, public service, authority
Antonyms: private sector, business sector, private companies, corporations, firms
Example: The public sector provides support to farmers.
172. Private Sector
Meaning: business sector
Bangla: বেসরকারি খাত
Synonyms: business, company sector, industry, firms, corporations
Antonyms: public sector, government, state, authority, administration
Example: The private sector invests in agriculture for profit.
173. Public-Private Partnership
Meaning: joint work of government and business
Bangla: সরকারি-বেসরকারি অংশীদারিত্ব
Synonyms: collaboration, alliance, joint venture, cooperation, partnership
Antonyms: separation, conflict, independence, division, isolation
Example: Public-private partnerships help improve infrastructure and farming technology.
174. Economic Policy
Meaning: plan for economy
Bangla: অর্থনৈতিক নীতি
Synonyms: strategy, plan, regulation, guideline, framework
Antonyms: chaos, disorder, confusion, instability, lack of policy
Example: Economic policy affects how resources are used and distributed.
175. Fiscal Policy
Meaning: government spending and tax policy
Bangla: রাজস্ব নীতি
Synonyms: budget policy, taxation policy, financial strategy, economic plan, government finance
Antonyms: mismanagement, disorder, instability, imbalance, lack of planning
Example: Fiscal policy controls how the government spends money and collects taxes.
📘 Vocabulary with Synonyms & Antonyms (176–200)
176. Monetary Policy
Meaning: control of money supply by central bank
Bangla: মুদ্রানীতি
Synonyms: financial policy, banking policy, interest policy, currency control, economic regulation
Antonyms: fiscal disorder, instability, mismanagement, chaos, imbalance
Example: Monetary policy controls inflation by adjusting interest rates and money supply.
177. Interest Rate
Meaning: percentage charged on loans
Bangla: সুদের হার
Synonyms: rate, charge, lending rate, borrowing cost, bank rate
Antonyms: zero rate, waiver, reduction, subsidy, discount
Example: A high interest rate makes loans expensive for farmers.
178. Currency
Meaning: money used in a country
Bangla: মুদ্রা
Synonyms: money, cash, legal tender, coin, note
Antonyms: barter, goods exchange, non-monetary system, commodity trade, absence of currency
Example: A strong currency increases a country’s economic stability.
179. Exchange Rate
Meaning: value of one currency against another
Bangla: বিনিময় হার
Synonyms: conversion rate, currency value, forex rate, trade rate, valuation
Antonyms: fixed rate (inflexible), imbalance, instability, mispricing, distortion
Example: Exchange rate changes affect import and export prices.
180. Trade Balance
Meaning: difference between export and import
Bangla: বাণিজ্য ভারসাম্য
Synonyms: balance of trade, trade position, economic balance, export-import ratio, commerce balance
Antonyms: deficit, imbalance, loss, negative balance, inequality
Example: A positive trade balance means exports are higher than imports.
181. Export Earnings
Meaning: money earned from exports
Bangla: রপ্তানি আয়
Synonyms: foreign income, export revenue, trade income, earnings, proceeds
Antonyms: import cost, loss, deficit, expense, reduction
Example: Export earnings help strengthen the national economy.
182. Import Dependency
Meaning: reliance on imports
Bangla: আমদানির উপর নির্ভরতা
Synonyms: reliance, dependence, need, requirement, dependency
Antonyms: self-sufficiency, independence, autonomy, production, self-reliance
Example: High import dependency can weaken a country’s economy.
183. Self-Sufficiency
Meaning: ability to produce everything needed
Bangla: স্বনির্ভরতা
Synonyms: independence, autonomy, self-reliance, capability, sustainability
Antonyms: dependency, reliance, need, shortage, insufficiency
Example: Self-sufficiency in food means a country does not need imports.
184. Agricultural Output
Meaning: total farm production
Bangla: কৃষি উৎপাদন
Synonyms: production, yield, output, harvest, result
Antonyms: decline, loss, failure, reduction, shortage
Example: Increased agricultural output ensures food security.
185. Crop Diversification
Meaning: growing different types of crops
Bangla: ফসল বৈচিত্র্য
Synonyms: variation, diversity, expansion, multiple cropping, variety
Antonyms: monoculture, uniformity, repetition, limitation, restriction
Example: Crop diversification reduces risk of total crop failure.
186. Food Supply System
Meaning: system of providing food
Bangla: খাদ্য সরবরাহ ব্যবস্থা
Synonyms: distribution system, supply chain, logistics, delivery system, network
Antonyms: disruption, shortage, breakdown, failure, blockage
Example: A strong food supply system ensures food reaches all areas.
187. Market Regulation
Meaning: controlling market activities
Bangla: বাজার নিয়ন্ত্রণ
Synonyms: control, supervision, monitoring, regulation, management
Antonyms: free market chaos, disorder, lack of control, imbalance, instability
Example: Market regulation prevents unfair price increases.
188. Price Control
Meaning: controlling prices
Bangla: মূল্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ
Synonyms: regulation, limitation, restriction, stabilization, supervision
Antonyms: inflation, price rise, free pricing, fluctuation, instability
Example: Price control helps keep essential goods affordable.
189. Supply Stability
Meaning: steady supply
Bangla: সরবরাহের স্থিতিশীলতা
Synonyms: consistency, balance, reliability, steadiness, continuity
Antonyms: fluctuation, instability, shortage, disruption, inconsistency
Example: Supply stability ensures markets have regular products.
190. Demand Forecast
Meaning: prediction of demand
Bangla: চাহিদা পূর্বাভাস
Synonyms: prediction, estimate, projection, analysis, expectation
Antonyms: uncertainty, guess, unpredictability, confusion, lack of planning
Example: Demand forecasting helps farmers decide what crops to grow.
191. Resource Management
Meaning: proper use of resources
Bangla: সম্পদ ব্যবস্থাপনা
Synonyms: planning, control, allocation, organization, administration
Antonyms: mismanagement, waste, neglect, misuse, disorder
Example: Resource management ensures efficient use of water and land.
192. Land Utilization
Meaning: use of land
Bangla: ভূমির ব্যবহার
Synonyms: land use, planning, allocation, development, cultivation
Antonyms: wastage, neglect, abandonment, misuse, underuse
Example: Proper land utilization increases crop production.
193. Agricultural Policy
Meaning: rules for farming sector
Bangla: কৃষি নীতি
Synonyms: farming policy, strategy, regulation, guideline, framework
Antonyms: chaos, disorder, lack of policy, confusion, instability
Example: Agricultural policy supports farmers and improves production.
194. Food Distribution
Meaning: delivery of food
Bangla: খাদ্য বণ্টন
Synonyms: supply, delivery, allocation, distribution system, circulation
Antonyms: shortage, hoarding, imbalance, blockage, inequality
Example: Food distribution ensures equal access to food.
195. Rural Economy
Meaning: economy of villages
Bangla: গ্রামীণ অর্থনীতি
Synonyms: village economy, agricultural economy, local economy, rural market, countryside economy
Antonyms: urban economy, industrial economy, city market, corporate economy, metropolitan economy
Example: The rural economy depends heavily on agriculture.
196. Urban Economy
Meaning: economy of cities
Bangla: শহুরে অর্থনীতি
Synonyms: city economy, industrial economy, metropolitan economy, commercial system, urban market
Antonyms: rural economy, agricultural economy, village system, countryside economy, local economy
Example: The urban economy depends more on industries and services.
197. Economic Crisis
Meaning: severe economic problem
Bangla: অর্থনৈতিক সংকট
Synonyms: recession, collapse, downturn, instability, disaster
Antonyms: growth, stability, prosperity, development, success
Example: Economic crisis affects both farmers and businesses.
198. Financial Stability
Meaning: stable financial condition
Bangla: আর্থিক স্থিতিশীলতা
Synonyms: balance, security, steadiness, strength, consistency
Antonyms: instability, crisis, fluctuation, weakness, collapse
Example: Financial stability allows farmers to invest confidently.
199. Risk Management
Meaning: handling risks
Bangla: ঝুঁকি ব্যবস্থাপনা
Synonyms: control, planning, mitigation, strategy, management
Antonyms: negligence, ignorance, mismanagement, exposure, carelessness
Example: Risk management helps farmers reduce losses from disasters.
200. Sustainable Development
Meaning: long-term development
Bangla: টেকসই উন্নয়ন
Synonyms: balanced growth, long-term development, sustainability, progress, stability
Antonyms: short-term growth, instability, exploitation, damage, decline
Example: Sustainable development ensures resources are preserved for future generations.
📘 Vocabulary with Synonyms & Antonyms (201–225)
201. Economic Reform
Meaning: changes to improve the economy
Bangla: অর্থনৈতিক সংস্কার
Synonyms: restructuring, improvement, policy change, adjustment, development
Antonyms: stagnation, rigidity, decline, resistance, failure
Example: Economic reform helps improve financial systems and create more job opportunities.
202. Market Economy
Meaning: economy based on supply and demand
Bangla: বাজারভিত্তিক অর্থনীতি
Synonyms: free market, open economy, trade system, capitalist system, commerce-based economy
Antonyms: controlled economy, command economy, restriction, regulation-heavy system, socialism
Example: In a market economy, prices are decided by demand and supply.
203. Economic Indicator
Meaning: data showing economic condition
Bangla: অর্থনৈতিক সূচক
Synonyms: measure, index, statistic, signal, parameter
Antonyms: uncertainty, guess, lack of data, confusion, ignorance
Example: Inflation and unemployment rates are important economic indicators.
204. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Meaning: total value of goods and services
Bangla: মোট দেশজ উৎপাদন
Synonyms: national output, economic output, production value, income measure, economy size
Antonyms: economic decline, loss, recession, contraction, decrease
Example: GDP growth shows that a country’s economy is improving.
205. Per Capita Income
Meaning: average income per person
Bangla: মাথাপিছু আয়
Synonyms: average income, income per person, earnings ratio, income level, standard income
Antonyms: poverty level, inequality, low income, deficit, hardship
Example: Higher per capita income means people are earning more on average.
206. Standard of Living
Meaning: quality of life
Bangla: জীবনযাত্রার মান
Synonyms: lifestyle, living condition, well-being, comfort, quality of life
Antonyms: poverty, hardship, poor condition, struggle, low quality life
Example: Economic growth improves the standard of living of people.
207. Human Resource
Meaning: people as workforce
Bangla: মানবসম্পদ
Synonyms: manpower, workforce, employees, labor, personnel
Antonyms: unemployment, inactivity, joblessness, non-workers, idleness
Example: Skilled human resources are important for economic development.
208. Skill Development
Meaning: improving abilities
Bangla: দক্ষতা উন্নয়ন
Synonyms: training, education, improvement, learning, capacity building
Antonyms: ignorance, lack of skill, incompetence, stagnation, unpreparedness
Example: Skill development programs help workers perform better.
209. Capacity Building
Meaning: increasing ability or strength
Bangla: সক্ষমতা বৃদ্ধি
Synonyms: development, strengthening, improvement, empowerment, training
Antonyms: weakness, decline, incapacity, limitation, reduction
Example: Capacity building helps farmers adapt to new technologies.
210. Productivity Enhancement
Meaning: increasing output
Bangla: উৎপাদনশীলতা বৃদ্ধি
Synonyms: improvement, increase, growth, boost, expansion
Antonyms: decline, reduction, inefficiency, decrease, loss
Example: Productivity enhancement leads to more production with fewer resources.
211. Industrial Growth
Meaning: increase in industries
Bangla: শিল্পের বৃদ্ধি
Synonyms: expansion, development, progress, advancement, increase
Antonyms: decline, recession, stagnation, reduction, collapse
Example: Industrial growth creates more employment opportunities.
212. Agricultural Expansion
Meaning: increase in farming area
Bangla: কৃষির সম্প্রসারণ
Synonyms: growth, development, extension, increase, expansion
Antonyms: reduction, decline, contraction, decrease, shrinkage
Example: Agricultural expansion helps produce more food.
213. Trade Expansion
Meaning: increase in trade
Bangla: বাণিজ্যের সম্প্রসারণ
Synonyms: growth, increase, development, expansion, extension
Antonyms: decline, restriction, reduction, contraction, limitation
Example: Trade expansion improves economic growth.
214. Investment Opportunity
Meaning: chance to invest
Bangla: বিনিয়োগের সুযোগ
Synonyms: chance, option, possibility, prospect, opening
Antonyms: limitation, restriction, barrier, obstacle, lack
Example: New projects create investment opportunities.
215. Financial Inclusion
Meaning: access to financial services
Bangla: আর্থিক অন্তর্ভুক্তি
Synonyms: access, inclusion, participation, integration, coverage
Antonyms: exclusion, isolation, restriction, inequality, limitation
Example: Financial inclusion helps poor people access banking services.
216. Microfinance
Meaning: small loans for poor people
Bangla: ক্ষুদ্রঋণ
Synonyms: small credit, microcredit, small loan, funding, aid
Antonyms: large loans, exclusion, lack of finance, denial, poverty
Example: Microfinance helps small farmers start businesses.
217. Credit Facility
Meaning: availability of loans
Bangla: ঋণ সুবিধা
Synonyms: loan service, finance access, credit support, funding, facility
Antonyms: denial, restriction, lack of finance, refusal, limitation
Example: Easy credit facilities help farmers invest in agriculture.
218. Banking Sector
Meaning: financial institutions
Bangla: ব্যাংকিং খাত
Synonyms: finance sector, banking system, financial institutions, banks, credit system
Antonyms: informal sector, non-banking, cash-only system, absence of banking, unorganized finance
Example: The banking sector provides loans and financial services.
219. Financial Crisis
Meaning: severe financial problem
Bangla: আর্থিক সংকট
Synonyms: collapse, downturn, recession, instability, disaster
Antonyms: stability, growth, prosperity, recovery, strength
Example: A financial crisis affects businesses and farmers alike.
220. Budget Deficit
Meaning: spending more than income
Bangla: বাজেট ঘাটতি
Synonyms: deficit, shortage, imbalance, loss, negative balance
Antonyms: surplus, profit, balance, gain, positive balance
Example: Budget deficit occurs when government expenses exceed revenue.
221. Economic Planning
Meaning: planning economic activities
Bangla: অর্থনৈতিক পরিকল্পনা
Synonyms: strategy, organization, planning, development, management
Antonyms: chaos, disorder, lack of planning, confusion, mismanagement
Example: Economic planning helps use resources efficiently.
222. Resource Optimization
Meaning: best use of resources
Bangla: সম্পদের সর্বোত্তম ব্যবহার
Synonyms: efficiency, improvement, management, allocation, utilization
Antonyms: waste, misuse, inefficiency, loss, mismanagement
Example: Resource optimization increases productivity with limited resources.
223. Sustainable Agriculture
Meaning: long-term farming system
Bangla: টেকসই কৃষি
Synonyms: eco-friendly farming, organic farming, sustainable farming, green agriculture, balanced farming
Antonyms: harmful farming, unsustainable practices, exploitation, damage, depletion
Example: Sustainable agriculture protects the environment and ensures future production.
224. Green Economy
Meaning: eco-friendly economy
Bangla: সবুজ অর্থনীতি
Synonyms: sustainable economy, eco-economy, environmental economy, green growth, clean economy
Antonyms: polluting economy, industrial damage, environmental harm, unsustainable economy, exploitation
Example: A green economy focuses on environmental protection and sustainability.
225. Environmental Sustainability
Meaning: protecting environment long-term
Bangla: পরিবেশগত স্থায়িত্ব
Synonyms: conservation, protection, sustainability, preservation, balance
Antonyms: destruction, pollution, damage, depletion, exploitation
Example: Environmental sustainability ensures natural resources are preserved for future generations.
Conclusion
Learning editorial vocabulary is one of the most effective ways to improve English proficiency, especially for students, job seekers, and competitive exam candidates. In this article, we have covered 200 important words taken from real-life editorial contexts, particularly focusing on agriculture, economy, and social issues.
Each word was explained with its meaning, Bangla translation, synonyms, antonyms, and practical examples. This approach not only helps in memorizing vocabulary but also ensures a deeper understanding of how words are used in real-life situations.
By practicing these words regularly, learners can significantly improve their reading, writing, speaking, and comprehension skills. Editorial vocabulary also helps in understanding newspapers, academic texts, and global discussions more effectively.
To get the best results, it is important to revise these words frequently, use them in sentences, and apply them in daily communication. Consistent practice will gradually build confidence and fluency.
In conclusion, mastering editorial vocabulary is a powerful step toward achieving success in English and gaining a better understanding of the world around us.
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